{"id":6381,"date":"2022-02-01T08:27:03","date_gmt":"2022-02-01T08:27:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.micronora-informations.fr\/index.php\/2022\/02\/01\/l-industrie-face-au-defi-de-materiaux-critiques\/"},"modified":"2022-02-01T08:27:03","modified_gmt":"2022-02-01T08:27:03","slug":"l-industrie-face-au-defi-de-materiaux-critiques","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/micronora.com\/en\/l-industrie-face-au-defi-de-materiaux-critiques\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019industrie face au d\u00e9fi de mat\u00e9riaux critiques"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"micinfos-actu-fev-slider.jpg\"<\/p>\n

Terres rares, indium, cobalt… L\u2019importance des mat\u00e9riaux indispensables \u00e0 l\u2019industrie high-tech pour fabriquer de nombreux objets de la vie courante (aimants, radiographies m\u00e9dicales, t\u00e9l\u00e9phones, t\u00e9l\u00e9visions, etc.) n\u2019est plus \u00e0 d\u00e9montrer. N\u00e9anmoins, leur approvisionnement, soumis \u00e0 divers al\u00e9as g\u00e9opolitiques et \u00e9conomiques, n\u2019est pas toujours garanti. Alors, que faire ?
\nLes sp\u00e9cialistes du Commissariat \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9nergie atomique et aux \u00e9nergies alternatives (CEA) recommandent plusieurs solutions dans un dossier publi\u00e9 dans le magazine \u00ab Les d\u00e9fis du CEA<\/a> \u00bb.<\/p>\n

\u00abIl ne faut pas seulement s\u2019int\u00e9resser au minerai, mais \u00e0 toute la cha\u00eene de production, depuis la mine jusqu\u2019au lingot <\/em> \u00bb, souligne ainsi Etienne Bouyer, chercheur \u00e0 la Direction des programmes du CEA. Pour r\u00e9pondre aux risques de ruptures d\u2019approvisionnement de ces mat\u00e9riaux, le minist\u00e8re fran\u00e7ais de l\u2019Industrie a cr\u00e9\u00e9 en 2012 le Comit\u00e9 pour les mat\u00e9riaux strat\u00e9giques (Comes) qui r\u00e9unit, entre autres, des organismes de recherche (CEA, CNRS, BRGM) et des industriels. Objectifs : sensibiliser les acteurs industriels et de la recherche sur les risques d\u2019approvisionnement en mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res, valoriser les ressources primaires (extraites) et secondaires (recycl\u00e9es) du territoire, engager une diplomatie des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res. <\/p>\n

Substitution, r\u00e9duction, recyclage… Les moyens pour faire face \u00e0 ce d\u00e9fi commencent \u00e0 se d\u00e9velopper, mais il s\u2019agit d\u2019une d\u00e9marche d\u2019\u00e9conomie circulaire qui n\u2019est pas toujours facile \u00e0 mettre en \u0153uvre. \u00ab La consommation de produits high-tech ne cesse d\u2019augmenter <\/em> \u00bb, explique Luc Aixala, chef du programme Economie circulaire \u00e0 la Direction des \u00e9nergies du CEA. \u00ab Il est donc crucial d\u2019\u00e9viter ou de limiter l\u2019usage de ces mat\u00e9riaux critiques, d\u00e8s la conception des objet<\/em>s \u00bb.
\nUn exemple, les piles \u00e0 combustible de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration qui n\u00e9cessitent de moins en moins de platine, ou les aimants permanents qui contiennent moins de terres rares qu\u2019auparavant. \u00ab L\u2019id\u00e9e est de mettre le bon mat\u00e9riau en bonne quantit\u00e9, au bon endroit, et qu\u2019il soit facilement r\u00e9cup\u00e9rable en fin de vie <\/em> \u00bb, pr\u00e9cise Etienne Bouyer. Il faut \u00e9galement adopter de nouvelles solutions de fabrication qui consomment moins de mati\u00e8re et r\u00e9duisent les d\u00e9chets, comme la fabrication additive. <\/p>\n

C\u00f4t\u00e9 substitution on peut, dans certains cas d\u2019application, remplacer un moteur \u00e9lectrique dot\u00e9 d\u2019un aimant avec des terres rares par un moteur \u00e0 rotor bobin\u00e9, sans aimant. Une batterie \u00e0 base de phosphate de fer peut, en fonction des performances n\u00e9cessaires, remplacer une batterie lithium-ion \u00e0 base de nickel, mangan\u00e8se et cobalt. \u00ab La probl\u00e9matique des mat\u00e9riaux critiques impose de trouver des compromis entre plusieurs contrainte<\/em>s \u00bb, soul\u00e8ve Fabien Perdu, ing\u00e9nieur au CEA-Liten. <\/p>\n

Enfin, le recyclage d\u2019objets existants pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ces mat\u00e9riaux implique une \u00e9volution importante des approches de conception et de fabrication. Mais les progr\u00e8s sur ce chemin sont notables, comme le d\u00e9montre la solution d\u2019extraction liquide-liquide pour la s\u00e9paration des m\u00e9taux ou le recyclage des terres rares
\n(voir photo, source : D.Guillodin\/CEA). <\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Terres rares, indium, cobalt… L\u2019importance des mat\u00e9riaux indispensables \u00e0 l\u2019industrie […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1765979652,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[60],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6381","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actu-microtechnique"],"yoast_head":"\nL\u2019industrie face au d\u00e9fi de mat\u00e9riaux critiques - Micronora<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/micronora.com\/en\/l-industrie-face-au-defi-de-materiaux-critiques\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u2019industrie face au d\u00e9fi de mat\u00e9riaux critiques - 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